试论主语及主语结构的概念形式特征

Is SUBJECT Interpersonal?——Argumentation for Subject as Ideational Form Category

经典系统功能语法将主语看作一个人际性的语法范畴;但本文认为,主语(以及主语结构)不是人际性的,而是体现小句概念意义“及物性”的语法形式范畴;原语气成分中叫做主语的成分,在这里叫做互动语。定式成分具有双重功能:同时协作体现概念性的时间意义“时间性”和人际性的社交意义“社交性”,其自身的语法功能则分别叫做时态操作语和语气操作语。因而,社交性→语气[语气成分(互动语+语气操作语)+剩余部分];在概念相度上则有:概念意义→主语结构。

This paper is based on the cognitive facts that two stages of processing can be summarized: one being first-stage processing which is the activation of relevant semantic, grammatical and phonological experiences and the other second-stage processing through which linguistic selection and construing is fulfilled. Hence SF Ideational meaning is no longer the Meaning Potential, but the grammatically construed transitivity, temporality and polarity-modality. It then argues that Subject, hence Subject Construction, should be treated as the grammatical aspect of Ideational meaning rather than an Interpersonal grammatical category, as proposed in the classical SFG. Subject is then termed Ideational Form. Furthermore, Finite has double functions. One helps realize temporality, as part of the Ideational Meaning of the clause, and the other works to constitute Mood that realizes Interactional meaning within the domain of interpersonal function.