构式与语法系统的认知心理属性

Construction and the Cognitive Nature of Grammatical Systems

以构式为基础的语法研究在一些学者中引起质疑,认为认知构式语法忽略了语法的系统性和相对的稳定性,忽略了必要的语法转换关系,语义的范围过于宽泛。本文在汉语学者的认知句法研究背景下通过实例讨论这些问题,认为一旦准确把握了以构式为基础的语法研究对语法系统认知心理属性的认识,这些质疑可以自然得到消解。以构式为基础的语法系统是按照普通认知过程机制建立起来的范畴化网络系统,它既控制又动态地受制于语言的使用过程。

While showing interest in the construction-based approach to grammar, a number of Chinese scholars have claimed that the approach ignores the systematicity of grammar, the relative stability of grammatical systems and certain necessary transformational relationships between constructions. It is further claimed that the approach embraces an overly broad view of linguistic meaning. However, under the construction-based approach, a grammatical system is treated as massive networks of constructions related by categorizing relationships, which sanction and are shaped by language use. A set of general cognitive processes serve as the basis for the structuring of grammatical networks. Under this conception, apparent transformational relationships between constructions reduce to categorizing relationships. In addition, given the usage-based nature of grammatical systems, linguistic meaning is necessarily encyclopedic. Specific examples are cited to clarify this view. Once the cognitive nature of grammatical systems is precisely clarified, the above criticisms against the approach are defused.