国际贸易政策的政治经济分析——以美国对中国输美纺织品设限为例

A Political Economics Analysis on the International Trading Policy——illustrates with the example of America set obstacles in Chinese textiles export

传统贸易理论认为自由贸易能实现资源在国家间的有效配置,能用最小的资源投入,通过国际间的贸易合作获得最大的产出。但自由贸易的有效性和合理性所依赖的基本假定是,国际市场和国内市场都是一个完全竞争的市场结构,并以全人类的利益为目标。这些假定在现实中并不存在,国家总是以自己的利益为重,制定各种各样的贸易保护政策,自由贸易在现实中更多的是人们的一种理想。同时一个国家在制定和执行贸易政策时往往不单单从经济角度出发,而会从包括经济、社会、政治等在内的各方面综合考虑。本文即是以2005年美国对中国输美纺织品进行限制为例,通过考察美国实施对中国纺织品设限政策后对美国产生的利益影响,进而对美国在整体经济利益可能受损的情况下还要对中国纺织品出口设限的原因进行政治经济分析,并给出我国今后应对此类问题的政策建议,指出我国在加强自身竞争力的同时还应从多角度入手强化应对贸易摩擦的能力。

Traditional trade theories think that the free trade can make the resources dispose efficiently in the world,and one country can use minimal resources to acquire the maximal products through the free trade.But the hypotheses of the efficient and rationality of the theory are that both native and international market are the perfect competition market,and the goal of the free trade is make the world's welfare better.However,those hypotheses do not exist in the real world.In the real world,trade protectionism always flourish in order to maintain their own benefits,free trade is still an outlook prospect.At the same time,when a country take trade protection measures,not only economical factors but also other kinds of factors such as social or political ones are considered.This paper illustrates with the example of America set obstacles in the Chinese textiles export,analyzes the outcomes that American have acquired after obstacles are set.And then,it analyzes why American had set the obstacles in the Chinese textiles export,though American will haven't had the economy benefits from this protection in the view of political economics analysis.At the end of the paper,there are some suggestions include China should enhance and improve own competitive abilities to solve the trade conflict smoothly are given.