中国古代传说中通达禽兽语母题的佛经文献溯源

The Sutra Literature Sources of the Motif on Knowing Animals' Language in the Ancient Chinese Folk Stories

中国古代通达禽兽语母题,体现了汉魏六朝博物憧憬。母题实际上是要冲破居住空间等构成的种族差异,很自然地与人通晓外国语能力联系起来。该母题中国古代早有,但能与较大故事情节联系起来,却主要得力于外域佛经故事。违禁就要承担后果的模式被打破,与佛教宣佛主张有关。首先,该母题使中国文学超越了寓言明理的简单化阶段,真正开始关注动物意象在叙事构思中的地位和功能,及动物情感心灵与人的沟通。其次,母题派生出动物通灵描写,成为后世灵兽报主公案故事不可或缺模式。其三,动物预见导致“预兆——应验”模式增多,有利于母题与其他相关母题的交叉运用和互渗融合。

In the ancient China, the motif of knowing animals' language shows the idea of knowing more about the world of the Six Dynasties. Actually, the motif rushes out the races difference, owing to the living space, which naturaly connects with people knowing foreign language. In the ancient China, there is the motif, but, because of the Sutra story, this motif connects with the story plot. The mode that there is a bad sequence when violating a ban is broken, which has some relationship with the Sutraism thoughts. First, the motif makes the Chinese literature surmount simply implying meaning, and indeed pay more attention to animals' status and function in the narrating course, and the communication between man and animas. Second, the drawing of animals' cleaver that comes from the motif becomes a necessary mode of the later cleaver animals' replying his master stories. Third, the animals' foreseeing makes the mode of ' foreseeing - coming ture' increase , which is in favor of the across exerting and mutual syncretion between this motif and others.