产业关联与能源工业市场化改革

Interindustry Analysis and Marketization Reform of Energy Industries

从3个方面分析了能源工业内部的产业关联及其对能源价格体制、市场结构、所有制结构等方面的影响。指出当能源产品是替代关系时,某一能源产品价格的上涨,会使其他能源行业也获得涨价的收益;对某种能源价格进行控制,可能会引起能源供需结构的失衡。当能源产品是互补关系时,无论上游或下游垄断,都会影响上下游产业的协调发展,而且会加快走向垄断的速度,并使政府的价格管制处于被动。能源工业对外开放的产业联系形式,促进了我国能源产品市场的国际化与外商直接投资的发展,但是产品市场融合和外商直接投资规模的扩大只会提高能源工业的生产集中度,对促进非公有制经济发展的作用有限,能源工业非公有制经济的发展与所有制结构的调整要依靠政府的政策引导和支持。根据分析结果,文章提出了能源工业市场化改革要整体推进,协调进行的政策建议。

There are internal industrial relations in the energy industry, which will affect energy price system, market structure and ownership structure etc.. When substitution effect does exist between energy products, one product's price rise can cause benefit growth of other energy industries. Price restraint for a kind of energies will cause energy supply-demand structure out of balance. When Complement effect dose exist between energy products, harmonious development between upstream and downstream enterprises always can be influenced no matter monopoly exists in upstream or in downstream enterprises. Under this situation, speed of monopoly process is improved and government's price regulation is in a passive position. Opening-up as a kind of industry relations models can promote internationalization of energy product market and direct foreign investment. However, it can do less for development of non-public sectors. Development of non-public sectors and adjustment of ownership structure should depend on government's policy support. Marketization reform of energy industries should be promoted comprehensively and implemented harmoniously.