隐喻理解模式研究述评

Review of Metaphor Interpretation Models

隐喻理解是隐喻研究中最重要的课题之一。认知语言学家、心理语言学家们提出了十多种模式和理论。其理论贡献和实际价值如何?还存在着哪些问题,今后研究的方向在哪?为了勾勒出一个明晰的轮廓,根据其理论基础、处理假设、理论贡献与存在的问题对相关模式作了比较全面的概括与评论,同时指出了目前研究中的一些共性问题,并提出了一些看法和观点。可归纳为以下五个方面:1.对隐喻映射的本质认识不够深入和全面;2.关键概念的内涵表述不明晰;3.基础研究有待加强;4.研究方法应更科学;5.研究视野应扩大。

Metaphor interpretation has received the central attention from cognitive linguists and psycholinguists who have put forward many interpretation models,the more influential ones of which are the standard model,the comparison model,the alignment first model,the interaction model,the property attribution model,the conceptual metaphor model,the predication algorithm model,the space structuring model and the graded salience hypothesis. As the review demonstrates,apart from its advantages each model has its own disadvantages which prompt further studies and give rise to new models.Each birth of the new models furthers the understanding and research of the subject.The paper has oudined five common issues that all the models share and should solve,namely,1) further understanding and more comprehensive knowledge of the features of mapping,2) clearer and better interpretation of the key concepts like domain,etc.,3) more basic research into key concepts,definitions and more research on the micro level,4 ) more scientific methodology and 5 ) extension of the coverage from sentence level to discourse level.