中国草根非政府组织的合法性危机与治理困境及应对策略探析

An Analysis and Coping Strategies Research on the Crisis of Legitimacy and Governance Difficulties of China's Grass-roots Non-governmental Organizations

中国经济政治体制的改革与发展引起了权力的转移和社会结构的变迁。随着经济和社会领域权力的逐渐生长,非政府组织应运而生并蓬勃发展:一方面,非政府组织日益跻身为构建社会主义和谐社会中社会的管理新型主体之一,推动着社会转型时期社会治理理念的转变;另一方面非政府组织同时构成政府的社会管理对象之一,挑战着政府的社会管理能力。尤其值得关注的是由于种种原因不能登记注册而无法取得合法身份的草根非政府组织大量活跃于城乡社区。这一现象表明政府对草根非政府组织执法不能,表明非政府组织的社会合法性和法律合法性发生冲突,我们现行的关于非政府组织的法律制度和行政管理体制已经面临改革的压力。文章深入分析了草根非政府组织合法性危机及其治理困境的形成原因,试图探索走出这一危机和困境的策略。

The transfer of power and the change of social structure are caused by China＇ s reforms of economic and political system. As social fields＇ power gradually growing, non-governmental organizations have emerged and flourished. On the one hand, NGO is increasingly becoming one of social management subjects, and promoting changes in the concept of social governance. On the other hand, as one of the government＇ s target of social manage- ment, NGO at the same time is challenging the government＇ s social management capacity. Of particular concern is： for a variety of reasons, the large number of grass-roots NGOs active in urban and rural communities but are unable to obtain legal status because of not being registered. This phenomenon shows that NGO＇ social legitimacy and legality of the law conflict, that the law enforcement can not be enforce upon the grass-roots NGO, and current legal system and administrative system on NGO has been facing a pressure of reforming. This paper is in-depth analysis on the causes of the grass-roots NGO＇ s legitimacy crisis and governance dilemma. It tries to explore the strategy to go out of this crisis and dilemma.