委托-代理视野中的学术职业管理--中国大学教师聘任制改革的理论依据与制度设计

Perspective of Delegation-Agent of the Academic Profession:Theoretical Construction and System Design of Reforming the Faculty Employment System in China

中国高校推行教师聘任制改革已成为必然趋势,它是全球学术职业管理革命的重要组成部分。聘任制改革的理论前提是尊重学术职业的特性,致力达成学术逻辑与市场逻辑的整合。教师聘任制改革的核心问题是如何消解委托代理人问题以及如何对教师的工作进行监督与评价。由于学术职业的特定性低难以量化、工作量大考核成本高昂,因此,对其绩效进行考核十分困难。因此,只有结合使用制度化的机制和非正式的规范相结合的办法,才能破解聘任制改革的制度设计难题。聘任制改革必须妥善处理绩效评估问题、激励问题以及法律问题。

It has become an inevitable trend to reform the faculty employment system in China, which is an important part of the revolution in academic professional management around the world. The premise that academic profession is characteristic of respect means the integration of academic logic and market logic. The core issue of the Reform of Faculty Employment System is how to clear up the problem of agents and how to monitor and evaluate the work of faculty. It is very difficult to evaluate their performances because of the low specificities of academic profession and the high cost to do it. As a result, only the combination of mechanism and informal norms can crack the problem of system design in the reform of employment. Performance evaluation, incentives, and legal issues must be taken into consideration in the reform of employment system.