欧洲的恶臭污染法规及测试技术进展

Odor Regulation and Progress of Odor Measurement in Europe

欧洲城市中人口密度的增加导致了严重的恶臭污染,几百年来,各种有关恶臭污染的法规相继出台。在过去的30年中,恶臭测试方法有所发展,人们不再轻信环境健康工作者的主观判断,而是将恶臭测试推向定量化的轨道。根据恶臭排放测试,扩散模式以及恶臭标准(以定量恶臭性质的影响研究为基础,确定恶臭污染的可忍受程度),荷兰率先推动了恶臭量化管理趋势。恶臭标准根据各行业的恶臭污染的具体程度制定。嗅觉计测试臭气浓度是一项可靠的技术,目前已经写入欧洲标准(EN13725:2003),将嗅觉计测试法和日本的三点式比较臭袋法进行比较,发现结果具有显著的一致性。嗅辨员的严格筛选也是促成其一致性的关键因素。

The concentration of people in cities in Europe has led to considerable odour problems, which were addressed by a variety of regulations for many hundreds of years. In this past 30 years there was a trend to move away from using the judgement of an environmental health officer, and to rely on quantitative measurements of odour instead. Pioneered in The Netherlands, the trend is towards quantitative odour management based on measurement of emissions, dispersion modeling to define exposure and criteria derived from dose effect studies to define a level where no 'reasonable cause for annoyance ' exists. These criteria may be specific to an industry, depending on the offensiveness of the odour. A reliable method for odour concentration measurement is an indispensable tool required for this approach, and such a method is now available is the European standard EN13725:2003. An initial comparison of results shows a remarkable agreement of results between this method and the Japanese Triangle method. The rigorous selection of assessors for the panel is likely to be the critical operational parameter that contributes to this (agreement).