工业化过程中克服资源约束的国际经验

International Experiences in Surmounting Resource Binding During Industrialization

为克服资源"瓶颈"约束,相关国家立足国情,制定了合适的资源利用战略:一是保护本国资源;二是利用全球资源;三是开发替代资源;四是储备战略资源。在有效开发本国资源,减少或抑制国内需求方面,采取了政府调控,市场化管理;厉行节约,提升效率;提高税收,抑制需求;调整结构,降低消耗等措施。在充分利用国际资源,稳定或增加国外供给方面,发达国家越来越多地以国家力量介入、营造经济后院、对外直接投资、长期供货协议、组建混合跨国公司等手段来达到目的。

In order to surmount resourec binding, some countries formulated rational resource utilization strategy. Generally speaking, they are domestic resources protection, world resources utilization, substitution energies development and strategic resources storage. To develop domevstic resources and restrict demands, some measures are carried out such as governmental adjustment and control, market-oriented management, strengthening saving, im- proving efficiency increasing tax and decrease consumptions etc. To utilize international resources, country's power is now often utilized by developed countries. Direct investment, Long-term supways used by other countries.