音乐欣赏教学与创造性思维培养的研究

Researches in the teaching of music appreciation and the training of creative thinking

创造性思维是一个至今众说纷纭、尚未获得公认定义的概念。广义理解,它是人们在提出问题和解决问题的过程中,一切对创造性成果产生作用的活动。狭义理解,创造性思维不是一种单一的思维,它是直觉思维、灵感思维、聚合思维、发散思维、抽象思维和形象思维的新颖、灵活的有机结合。从教育角度理解,创造性思维是个体在支持的环境下,以知识经验为基础,经过思考和时间,产生出某种新颖、独特、有社会或个人价值的智力产品,以及特殊的人格特征。在音乐欣赏教学中培养学生的想象力是创造性思维培养的关键,在音乐欣赏教学中可以通过联系自然界现象及音响、乐曲的标题、"移情"和时间知觉的心理特点四个方面进行想象。音乐欣赏是一项带有创造性的审美活动。培养创造性思维应将其培养过程渗透到各学科教学当中,实施全员、全科、全过程的培养模式。

Opinions vary about how to define the creative thinking. Generally speaking, it may refer to all activities that lead to creative achievements in the course of problems appearing and solving. Specifically speaking, it is not a single kind of thinking, but a novel, flexible and organic combination of intuitive thinking, inspirational thinking, aggregate thinking, emanative thinking, abstract thinking and visual thinking. From the point of education, creative thinking is some sort of novel unique intellectual product that has social or individual value, and special personal features that an individual produce when in a supportive environment, based upon his own knowledge and experience, and as a result of serious consideration and practice. It is essential to inspire the imagination of students in the teaching of music appreciation in order to cultivate the creative thinking. In the actual teaching process, we may help to inspire the imagination of students by linking with the natural phenomenon and physical sounds, the title of the music, empathizing and association with the psychological characteristics of time and feeling. The music appreciation is a kind of creative aesthetic activity. The cultivation of the creative thinking should be stressed in the teaching of all subjects and cover all students, all subjects and the whole process.