回溯式时间记忆特点的实验研究

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON RETROSPECTIVE TIME MEMORY

实验研究在2个月的时间内探索了回溯式时间记忆的特点,实验选取15个影视片断和8个新闻事件,影视片段播放的时间和新闻事件的发生同期,要求被试回忆影视片段和新闻事件的时点、时距和时序。结果表明:(1)在时序上,影视片段时序的准确性高于新闻事件;在时距上,7分钟和15分钟的准确性高于30分钟,7分钟时距倾向于高估,30分钟时距倾向于低估;在时点上,影视片段的准确性高于新闻事件。(2)时点的回溯式记忆受到被试自我卷入程度的影响。(3)回溯式时距估计受到真实时距的长短和延迟时间长短的交互影响。(4)事件序列关系一般倾向于具有网络层次的特征,在无充足思考时间条件下,倾向于具有线形模型的特征。

Fifteen film episodes and eight news segments were used to examine the retrospective time memory. The film episodes and the news events were broadcasted at the same time. Participants were asked to recall the temporal locus (when), the temporal order, temporal duration of the episodes and news events 4 days after the broadcast. Participants had better recall accuracy for film episodes than for news events in terms of their temporal order. They also recalled more actuarially for 7-minutes duration and 15-minutes duration than for 30-minutes duration. They tended to overestimate the 7-minutes duration, but underestimate 30-minutes duration. They also had high accuracy for film episodes than for news when they were asked to recall the temporal locus of those events. The accuracy of time memory was affected significantly by personal involvement of the participants. Materials with high personal involvement tended to produce more accurate memory for temporal order and temporal locus. Retrospective memory for duration was influenced by interactions of true duration length and delaying days. Memory for temporal order fit in with hierarchical network model. Under the condition of lack of consideration, it tends to be represented by linearity model.