淡水养殖太平洋鲑鱼日粮中添加适宜油脂品种研究

Optimal Dietary Oil Kind for Growth of Pacific Salmon, Oncorhynchus spp. Breeding in Freshwater

在日粮中添加11 5%的4种不同脂肪源饲养180尾初始体质量约为110g的太平洋鲑鱼Sciaenopsocellatus于水泥池中56d。实验分4组,每组3个平行池,每池15尾鱼。研究淡水养殖太平洋鲑鱼日粮中添加适宜油脂品种。4组脂肪源分别为鱼油、大豆油、大豆磷脂和玉米油。实验表明:①饲以4种不同脂肪源日粮的太平洋鲑鱼存活率相似,但大豆磷酯组的相对生长率、饲料报酬与蛋白效率比显著好于鱼油组、大豆油组和玉米油组(P<0 05),其相对生长率分别提高了27%,23%和21%。其次为添加大豆油,添加玉米油效果较添加鱼油稍好,但后3者之间无显著性差异(P>0 05);②添加大豆磷脂与玉米油日粮的太平洋鲑鱼肠系膜脂肪与肝脏脂肪含量显著性少于鱼油组,但肥满度和背肌中脂肪含量较添加鱼油与大豆油日粮的太平洋鲑鱼明显提高(P<0 05);③在太平洋鲑鱼日粮中添加大豆油、大豆磷脂与玉米油较添加鱼油对肝脏脂肪中脂肪酸比例的主要影响为:显著性提高了总n-3系多不饱和脂肪酸比例,降低了总n-6系多不饱和脂肪酸比例(P<0 05)。实验结果表明,淡水养殖条件下,日粮中油脂以添加大豆磷脂的太平洋鲑鱼生长性能最好,大豆油、玉米油和鱼油效果相似。

A growth experiment was conducted to determine the kind of optimal dietary natural lipid in Pacific salmon, Oncorhynchus spp.. 11.5% four natural lipids(fish oil, soybean oil, soybean phospholipid and corn oil) added in basic feed were fed 8 weeks to triplicate groups of Pacific salmon about 110 g in cement ponds. It is found:① Survival ratio(SR) in every group was similar. Weight gain was highest in fish fed soybean phospholipid diet, followed by soybean oil diet, then by corn oil diet and lowest in fish fed fish oil diet. Relative growth rate(RGR) of fish fed soybean phospholipid diet was 27%,23%和21% higher than fish fed fish oil diet, corn oil diet and soybean oil diet(P <0.05). feedmodulus(FM) and protein efficiency ratio(PER) in fish generally followed by the same pattern of weight gain;② the contents of lipid in liver and mesentery were significantly lower in fish fed soybean phospholipid diet and corn oil diet than fish fed fish oil diet, but the contents of lipid in back muscle and the rate of grossness were higher(P <0.05); ③the rate of 3_n polyunsaturated fatty acids(3-PUFA) in lipid of liver, back muscle and mesentery by fish fed soybean phospholipid diet ,soybean oil and corn oil diet were significantly higher than fish fed fish oil diet, but the rate of 6_n polyunsaturated fatty acids(6_PUFA) were lower (P <0.05). The experimental result indicated that soybean phospholipid was optimal dietary natural lipid in Pacific salmon breeding in freshwater on the performance of growth and fish oil, soybean oil and corn oil had similar effect.