植物自交不亲和基因研究进展

Advances in Gene Self-incompatibility in Higher Plants

自交不亲和性的研究是植物生殖生物学和分子生物学研究的热点之一,对自交不亲和基因和蛋白质的深入研究是解析自交不亲和性机理的关键.对控制孢子体自交不亲和性和配子体自交不亲和性的S基因及其蛋白质产物的分子生物学研究进展进行了综述.孢子体自交不亲和性植物S位点上至少存在3个基因,即SLG、SRK和SCR基因.其中SLG、SRK基因控制雌蕊自交不亲和性,而SCR控制花粉自交不亲和性.配子体自交不亲和植物雌蕊S基因产物为S-RNase,具有核酸酶活性;配子体自交不亲和植物花粉S基因产物尚未找到.

Studies on plant self incompatibility in plant reproductive biology and plant molecular biology were focused. Self incompatibility gene was the key factor determining the character of self incompatibility. Research progress of molecular biology on self incompatibility genes and their encoded proteins that control sporophytic self incompatibility and gametophytic self incompatibility were reviewed. Self incompatibility gene family control sporophytic self incompatibility contained at least three genes encoding S locus glycoprotein, S locus receptor kinase controlling pistil self incompatibility and pollen coat protein respectively controlling pollen self incompatibility. The encoded protein of gametophytic self incompatibility pistil gene was S RNase that contains ribonuclease activity, while the encoded protein of pollen gene was not found at present.