新疆盐碱地种植耐盐小麦土壤盐分的变化

Studies on Soil Salinity Change by Planting Salt-tolerant Wheat in Saline Ground in Xinjiang

新疆干旱区有大量盐碱地 ,很大程度上限制农业的可持续发展。盐碱的利用改良和水资源的高效利用的研究 ,面临巨大的挑战。盐碱地上种植耐盐小麦既有生产效益 ,又有改良土壤盐渍化作用。在传统灌溉管理下 ,当土壤原始盐分 2 .0 %时 ,在壤质土壤上种植耐盐小麦 1— 2年 0— 40cm土层盐分可降到 0 .8%。在粘壤土、壤土土质的土壤中 ,种植耐盐小麦 5年时 ,0— 1 0 0cm土层盐分可降到 0 .5 % ;种植 7年后 ,0— 1 0 0cm土层盐分降到 0 .2 %左右 ,且在以后种植条件下 ,土壤盐分趋于平衡状态 ,变化很小。种植耐盐小麦引起的盐分变化 ,灌溉水为主要作用 ,以至经多年种植 ,土壤表现为脱盐碱化现象。

There is large area of saline, alkaline ground which impacts seriously on the sustainable development of agriculture in Xinjiang. The use and meliorating of saline-alkaline ground, utilizing high efficiency of water resource are faced with great challenge. The planting salt-tolerantwheat in saline-alkaline ground has the yield benefit and can improve the soil. The salinity was decreased to 0.8% since planting salt-tolerant wheat for 2 years at salinity 2.0% of sand loamy in 0-40cm depth by traditional irrigation. When the salt-tolerant wheat was been planted for 7years, the salinity was decreased to about 0.2% in 0-100cm depth. The soil salinity changed little when planting period was longer than 7 years. The excessive irrigation water resultedin the change of the soil salinity.