“干谒”与李白的人生政治悲剧

“Gan Ye” and the Political Tragedy in Li Bai’s Life

“干谒”是我国古代文人士子为寻求入仕门径而向当朝达官显贵或有名望者呈送书信、进献诗文赋作 ,以求得他们赏识援引、擢拔重用的一种“多为人所笑弄”的不光彩的行为 ,虽说“干谒”之举不是始于唐代 ,然至盛唐却大为风行。那时相当一部分诗人都有过这样的行为和经历 ,就连大诗人李白亦未能幸免 ,这自然与当时社会、政治、思想文化政策和文人士子普遍的求仕心理有很大的关系。就李白来说 ,他之所以走上“干谒”之路 ,除了受当时盛行的“干谒”之风影响外 ,也与他率性选择、盲目从俗的求仕心态有关。实践证明 ,“干谒”并未给李白带来功名富贵 ,而只能让他坐失从政良机。可以说 ,李白一生的政治悲剧 ,在很大程度上是由他率性、盲目的“干谒”活动造成的。

Gan Ye” is a way through which the scholars in ancient China presented letters or poems to the VIPs for promotion. It is an inglorious behavior laughed at by most people and becomes popular in Tang Dynasty though it doesn’t begin at that time. Quite a number of poets go through such experiences and Li Bai, a great poet, is not an exception. Of course, this has a root in the society in which scholars long for becoming officials. As far as Li Bai is concerned, he becomes one of them because of his blindness to follow others. It is proven that such behavior makes him lose chances to enter the politics circles instead of any success and fame and brings him political tragedy in his life.