基于遥感、GIS的内蒙古沙漠和沙质荒漠化研究

Research on Sandy Desertification in Inner Mongolia by Remote Sensing and GIS

利用内蒙古20世纪80年代末和2000年两期TM影像数据为信息源,提取两期 沙质荒漠化数据的基础上,深入分析了2000年全区沙质荒漠化现状,同时统计计算了内蒙古 中部地区十年内不同程度沙质荒漠化土地之间的转换面积,采用转移矩阵法和数学模型法,建 立了20世纪80年代末—2000年沙质荒漠化土地转移矩阵和动态度。得出如下结论:①内蒙 古土地沙质荒漠化严重,沙质荒漠化土地面积(含沙漠和潜在沙质荒漠化土地)占全区总面积 的67.72%;②沙质荒漠化土地的分布具有明显的纬度地带性规律,根据遥感影像特征及影像 解译结果可分三个纬度带,即呼伦贝尔沙质荒漠化带(48°—52°N)、阴山后山—浑善达克—科 尔沁沙质荒漠化带(42°—44°N)、阿拉善—毛乌素沙质荒漠化带(38°—40°N);③内蒙古中部地 区是沙质荒漠化严重且强烈发展的地区,中度以上沙质荒漠化土地占该地区总面积的22%以 上;④内蒙古中部地区80年代末至2000年间沙质荒漠化土地净增约10万hm2;⑤轻度风蚀 荒漠化土地增加了121011.45hm2,中度风蚀荒漠化土地增加了327831.59hm2,强烈和严重沙 质荒漠化土地分别增加了402497.13hm2和143998.67hm2;⑥沙质荒漠化的强烈发展,严重制 约着自治区社会经济的稳定、持续的发展,也威胁?

Using two images data in late 1980s and in 2000 as information sources through synthesis,enhancement,correction,mosaic , and man-computer interactive ,on the basis of getting two data of sandy desertification,wedeeply analyzed the present condition of sandy desertification in 2000 of the whole autonomous region ,and at the same time , set up transfer matrix and dynamic rate of sandy desertification landsin late 1980s and in 2000 through count change of area in various degrees sandy desertification lands in ten years in the middle part of Inner Mongolia byadoptingtransfer matrix method and mathematical modeling method .The conclusions are as follows: ①67.72 %of the whole autonomous region is sandy desertificated seriously. (include potentialsandydesertification lands ) ; ②It is obvious that there is latitudinalzonallaw for the distribution of sandydesertification. According to remote sensing image feature and image interpretation, it canbe divided into three latitude zones, whichareHulunbiarsandydesertificationzone (48-52 N) , the north side of the YinshanHunshandake--Keerqinsandy desertification zone ( 42-44 N), and Alax-Mowusu sandydesertification zone (38-40 N); ③The middle part of Inner Mongolia is the region with serioussandydesertification and spreading quickly wheresandy desertification landsover mid-degree isabove22 %; ④From the late 1980sto 2000, the net increaseofsandy desertification landsis about0.1 million hm 2 ,with the annual average dynamic rate is 0.75 %.0.087 million hm 2non-sandy desertification lands in ten years changed into sandy desertification lands , meanwhile , 0.012 million hm 2 varioussandy desertification lands turned intonon-sandy desertification . ⑤Low-degree sandy desertification lands increased 121011.45 hm 2, mid-degree sandy desertification sandy desertification lands increased 327831.59 hm 2 ,strong sandy desertification lands increased 402497.13 hm 2 ,and serious sandy desertification lands increased 143998.67 hm 2 , meantime , 302758.83 hm 2 mid-degree sandy desertification lands and 281038.26 hm 2 strong sandy desertificationlands changed into strong and serious sandy desertification lands . ⑥The quick spreadingof sandy desertification seriously restricts the stability and sustainable development of social economy of Inner Mongolia autonomous region, and also threatens the safety of eco-environment of contiguous zone.