不同覆盖方式对旱地玉米田土壤环境及玉米产量的影响

Effects of Difference Mulching on the Soil Environment and Maize Yield in Rain fed Land

分析普通地膜覆盖、小麦秸秆覆盖及露地栽培3种不同处理对旱地玉米田土壤环 境、玉米产量构成因素的影响,结果表明:覆盖栽培能改善土壤环境,降低土壤容重,提高土壤 水分利用率,调节土温、湿度,协调水热资源利用的同步性;秸秆覆盖能增加土壤养分含量,特 别是速效钾含量;在玉米生长后期,提高叶面积指数,延长叶片功能,提高玉米的光合能力从而 防止玉米早衰,增加穗重,提高玉米产量。

Effect of mulching cultivation on soil environment and yield components of corn were studied by using experiments with the plastic film , the wheat straw and the unmulched . The results indicated that soil environment improved through soil bulk density and increased soil water use efficiency by mulching cultivation. Mulching cultivation had functions in regulating soil temperature and soil moisture , harmonizing utilization synchronization of water and heat resource. Straw mulching could increase soil nutrient contents especially available K .In maize growth anaphase , straw mulching could increase leaf area index and extend leaf function period, plant photosynthesis,and prevent corn premature senescence,increase spike weight and maize yield.