中国北方沙尘暴研究的若干进展

Some Advances in Dust Storm Researches in Northern China

为了回顾总结中国北方沙尘暴研究的现状,本文评述了近20多年来中国北方沙尘暴研究的三个主要阶段,从沙尘观测、气候学、预报、变化趋势以及防御对策等6方面简要评述了它的研究进展和问题。指出北方沙尘主要源于中国西北及蒙古地区;随沙尘天气强度逐渐加强,不同沙尘天气时地面沙尘浓度约按3倍的比率依次递增;揭示了我国北方的五大沙尘暴多发区;主要有纯冷锋型和冷锋加中系统混合型两类沙尘暴爆发环流型;近50年来的沙尘暴活动呈波动变化,这与生态环境恶化,特别是东亚大气环流的年代际变化有关;防御沙尘暴重点要抓五大多发区生态环境的治理及沙尘暴预警系统的建立。

To review the precent status of dust storm ( DS) research in North Part of China (NPC) the main advances in dust aerosols observation, DS climatelogy, the forecasting of DS outbreak, DS activity changes as well as the combating DS strategy have been given in this paper. It shows that: 1) The DS in NPC originates mainly from both the Northwest China and Mongolia. With the intensifying of the dust weather, the dust density near the ground will be increased in geometric series. 2) There are five regions of DS occurring in NPC where DS occurred frequently. 3) There are briefly two kinds of DS outbreak circulation pattern, i.e., both the pure cold front and the cold front plus meso-scale system. 4) In past five decades the DS activities in NPC change in wave, it relates particularly to the interdecadal changes of atmospheric circulation in East Asia. 5) For combating DS the particular priority should be the ecology environment improvement in five regions of high frequence of DS and the establishment of DS forecasting and warning systems.