西方法学发展简析与述评

A Brief Analysis of and Comment on the Development of Western Law

法学的产生,经历了艰难而漫长的历史进程。法学的研究对象是法律现象及其发展规律。法学的产生有两个条件。西方法律和西方法学家引领了世界法学发展的历史进程。西方法律源于古希腊的民主思想。古罗马的法律制度是古代西方世界法律制度发展的顶峰,罗马法中的立法结构、原则、技术及法律制度对后世产生了深刻影响,在中世纪,罗马法即成为西方各国的研究中心,促进了意大利、荷兰、法国、德国等国法律的发展。从中世纪到19世纪,先后出现了“注释法学派”、“人文主义法学派”、“自然法学派”、“分析法学派”、“新康德主义法学派”、“新黑格主义法学派”。“注释法学派”和“人文主义法学派”是古代法学传达到近代的使者;“分析法学派”的出现标志着理论法学和应用法学的分化。20世纪出现、发展的“社会法学派”、“新分析法学派”和“新自然法学派”成为当代西方三大主流派别。

It took a hard and long time in history for the science of law, whose object of study is legal phenomena and the law of its development to come into being. Western law and jurists played a leading role in the development of the science of law. Western law was born of ancient Greek democratic ideas and reached its top of development in ancient Rome, whose legislative structure, principle, technique and system had a deep influence on the modern world. In the Middle Ages, Roman law became the focus of study, which promoted the development of law in Italy, Holland, France and Germany. From then on, many law schools appeared in succession.