有压引水系统非恒定流模型相似比尺的分析与选择

Analysis and Selection of Similarity Scales of Unsteady Flow Model in Pressure Diversion System

从有压引水系统调压井涌浪方程和压力管道水击方程出发，导出了模型与原型相似的条件，分析了各物理量比尺间的关系；讨论了模型比尺的一些限制条件；论述了长引水系统的整体模型采用正态通常是不现实的，相似比尺应依据不同的试验要求及客观条件来确定．文中提出了不同研究问题的变态比尺选择方案．

Based on the general equations of unsteady flow in pressure diversion systems,the similarity conditions for the hydraulic model and the prototype are derived.The relations between various scales are analysed,and some restraining conditions are discussed.As a matter of fact,the absolute normal model for a long distance diversion system is usually not workable due to limited space.A distored model has to be chosen.The methods for the selection of suitable scale for different problms are proposed.