野史、杂史和别史的界定及其价值——兼及唐五代笔记或小说的特点

Definition and its Value of Personally-written History,History in variant Style and Unauthorized Official History

本文重新检讨了学术界对野史、杂史和别史的定义,清理了笔记或小说的源流和分类、著录时之部类归并情况,认为野史、杂史和别史其实皆可纳入传统"笔记"或"小说"的范畴。其次,认为这些非正史类文献具有不可忽视的史料价值,但也存在一定局限,使用时需要细加择别。再次,从行卷风气、史馆制度等方面,分析了唐五代笔记小说的特点,驳正了对唐五代小说或笔记文学性强、真实强弱的宠统指责,认为其史料价值迥别于明清以后几全属虚构之小说。并指出应该在宗教研究等方面,充分加以利用。

In this article the author has reexamined the definition of personally-written history, history in variant style and unauthorized official history, and reclassified notes and novels as well. And the author has firstly drawn a conclusion that personally-written history, history in variant style and unauthorized official history should be put under either the catalogue of notes or of novels. Secondly the author thinks that such unofficial historical materials have embodied with great historical values that should not be neglected. Thirdly, the author has analyzed the features of note-style novels of Tang and Five Dynasties from their writing styles and the system of historian museums. The author thinks that such note-style novels have some features that are quite different from that of the novels in both Ming and Qin Dynasty, which can be used for the research on religions.