蛇神经毒素的研究进展

Progress in snake neurotoxins

蛇毒是由许多种蛋白质、多肽、酶关以及其他小分子物质组成的混合物。在蛇毒中已经分离了许多种毒素分子 ,其中有一类分子对哺乳动物的神经系统具有毒性效应 ,习惯上报这类分子成为蛇神经毒素。蛇神经毒素根据其作用位点的不同可以分为四大类 :突触前蛇神经毒素、突角后蛇神经毒素、抗胆碱酯酶的蛇神经毒素和离子通道蛇神经毒素。许多蛇神经毒素已经分离纯化并进行了结构与功能的研究 ,几十近百种蛇神经毒素一级结构和空间结构已经得到测定。近几年来一些蛇神经毒素的基因文库以及 c DNA文库已经构建出来 ,从中分离出的基因已经用于重组蛇神经毒素的生产研究。蛇神经毒素的分子结构与其功能具有较好的对应关系 ,即作用机制相同的毒素具有类似的空间结构。天然的蛇神经毒素以及重组的蛇神经毒素都已广泛应用于理论研究和一些临应应用。分离新的蛇神经毒素及其基因以及根据需要设计新的蛇神经毒素分子已成为该领域的热点 ,采用生物工程的方法规模生产蛇神经毒素也是当前及今后的研究方向。蛇毒是由许多种蛋白质、多肽、酶关以及其他小分子物质组成的混合物。在蛇毒中已经分离了许多种毒素分子 ,其中有一类分子对哺乳动物的神经系统具有毒性效应 ,习惯上报这类分子成为蛇神经毒素。蛇神经毒素根据其作用位?

Abstract Snake venoms are a mixture of many proteins, polypeptides, emzymes and other smaller mol. wt compunds. Many toxins have been isolated from these vemoms found to have effects on the mammalian nervous system and called neurotoxins. Neurotoxins can be classified into the following types according to their effect site:(1) presynaptic neurotoxins;(2)post synaptic neurotoxins; (3) Antiacetylchlinesterase toxins; (4) ion-channel toxins. Many neurotoxins from snake have been isolated, purified and used as tools bools both in neuroscience research and cliical aspect. The struccures of snake neurooxins have been studied in different leves, which can give many information on its molcular mechanism of action mode. Many natural snake neurotoxins gengs have also been isolated, cloned and expressed as far and a variey of new neurotoxins gens have also been produced according to relationship between the structure and function of the natural neurotoxins.