抢救种质资源 保护生物多样性

Collection Evaluation and Utilization of Germplasm Resources in China

当前,开发猛进,旱漠化趋剧,全球每8种植物中就有一种面临着灭绝的威胁.物种的丧失对生态安全的破坏是致命的.美国、前苏联、日本等发达国家多年来通过各种手段加强种质资源考察收集,从而成为今天的世界资源大国.我国建国以来,采用群众性收集、补充征集、重点作物考察和重点地区考察等方法,已收集各种作物种质资源35万份,但我国的中西部边远山区仍有大量资源亟待抢救收集和发掘利用.为了继续使这一重要基础性工作持续发展,本文针对近期目标、管理体制,队伍建设及鉴定利用网络建设等提出了建议.

:Today one in eight species of plants faces extinction. The loss of plant species is fatal to biodiver-sity. Some developed countries, such as the USA, the former USSR and Japan, etc. , have understood the importance of germplasm resources since the beginning of this century. Through long-term and assiduoue collection, they now possess much of the world's germplasm resources. Though Chinese scientists started germplasm collection much later, they have made signifuanr achievements. Since the liberation of China, 350,000 accessions of germplasm resources of many kinds of crops from all over the country have been a-massed through public collection, supplement collection and comprehensive exploration of main crops in key regions. However, some mountainous areas in midwest China and some rural areas populated by minority nationalities have potentially useful resources that urgently need collection, evaluation and utilization. This paper provided some important suggestions for short-term objectives , management systems, organization of cooperative effortsin germplasm resources collection; and evaluation and utilization of collected germplasm resources.