新疆造山带造山作用及类型

OROGENY AND ITS TYPE OF JUNGGAR OROGENIC BELT

对造山带的研究已有一百多年的历史 ,不同的学派有不同解释 :(1)地槽回返说认为 :造山带开始是地壳沉降成为槽地 ,后经回返作用褶皱成山 ;(2 )板块俯冲碰撞说认为 :岩石圈板块之间俯冲 -碰撞而造山 ;(3)多成因说认为 :大洋岩石圈和大陆岩石圈有本质的差别。大陆造山带不仅发生于板块边缘 ,更多的发生于大陆板块内部 ,大陆造山带是在多成因、多种多样的机制下形成的。依据以下五种原则 :1岩石圈的性质及其变形方式 ;2板块运动学方式 ;3造山作用的构造体制 ;4下冲作用所卷入范围的大小及其对上驮板块所造成的影响 ;5造山带增厚与剥露过程。将造山作用划分为 14种类型、2 1种造山方式。特别是软碰撞型。

The study history of orogenic belt has more than one hundred years.Various interpretations were given by different scholars:(1)Geosyncline inversion hypothesis thinks that the orogenic belt is formed as geosyncline which dues to subsidence of crust and then is folded into mountains by inversion;(2)Plate subduction collision theory considers the subduction collision between lithosphere plates is the cause of ororgeny;(3)Polygenetic hypothesis thinks that classical plate theory encounts to diffculties and challenge for explaining continental orogeny .With the new technological development of geophysical prospecting and research on deep geology,they realized that oceanic lithosphere is different from continental lithosphere in nature.Continental orogenic belt occurs not only on the plate mangin but mostly inside the plate.A series of different layered slices and intrusive sheet piled up and undergone structural defermation and crust thickening to be mountain system by stretching or moving to side direction on scale.Therefere,continental orogenic belts were formed under poly genesis and poly mechanism.The authors classified orogeny into fourteen types and twenty one orogenic modes based on the following five principles tectonics:①Property of lithosphere and its deformation pattern ;②Plate movement;③Structural system of orogeny;④Involving area of down thrust and influence on up burden plate;⑤Orogenic thickening and desguamation procedure.Especially,the soft collision, weak orogeny and basin mountain coupling model is the characteristics of the orogenic pattern of Xinjiang.