摘要
In the western part of the Netherlands due to several economic factors there is a strong pressure to extend the urban activities. This means that a large open peatland area of special ecological interest, the so called green heart, will be threatened more and more by urbanization. In this area diary farming predominates and the ecological value is largely dependant on this land use (meadow birds). Scenarios for future landscapes have been developed for this area taken into account different spatial lay out of urbanization. The consequences for nature were evaluated with a decision support system. The so called LEDESS (landscape ecological decision support system) links available landscape ecological knowledge to a geographical information system (GIS) to evaluate the scenarios. LEDESS is based on a deterministic concept of the ecotope dependent on physiotope, vegetation dynamics, target vegetation and management, and of faunal habitat requirements that are also dependent on vegetation structure. It also take 02/12/98s into account the accessibility of the landscape for migrating fauna species. It turns out that urbanization will deteriorate the existing fragmented landscape. As an answer to the scenarios of urbanization different options for nature restoration have been elaborated in additional scenarios. The consequences were evaluated again with the same computer model. The study has concluded that fragmentation can be compensated to some extend by enlargement of habitats, but the effectiveness depends highly upon the spatial allocation of the new habitats.
In the western part of the Netherlands due to several economic factors there is a strong pressure to extend the urban activities. This means that a large open peatland area of special ecological interest, the so called green heart, will be threatened more and more by urbanization. In this area diary farming predominates and the ecological value is largely dependant on this land use (meadow birds). Scenarios for future landscapes have been developed for this area taken into account different spatial lay out of urbanization. The consequences for nature were evaluated with a decision support system. The so called LEDESS (landscape ecological decision support system) links available landscape ecological knowledge to a geographical information system (GIS) to evaluate the scenarios. LEDESS is based on a deterministic concept of the ecotope dependent on physiotope, vegetation dynamics, target vegetation and management, and of faunal habitat requirements that are also dependent on vegetation structure. It also take 02/12/98s into account the accessibility of the landscape for migrating fauna species. It turns out that urbanization will deteriorate the existing fragmented landscape. As an answer to the scenarios of urbanization different options for nature restoration have been elaborated in additional scenarios. The consequences were evaluated again with the same computer model. The study has concluded that fragmentation can be compensated to some extend by enlargement of habitats, but the effectiveness depends highly upon the spatial allocation of the new habitats.
