摘要
This paper takes a comprehensive view at transportationrelated air pollution problems and solution options. While the transport infrastructure in major Chinese cities is briefed, the environmental impacts of transport activities on urban air quality are discussed in detail. Not only the contribution of automotive emissions to the CO, NMHC and NO\-x pollution in urban areas is reviewed, but also concerns over the carcinogenic emissions, lead deposition and noise are presented. From a lifecycle view point, the impacts of motorway construction, as well as those from scrapped cars, car batteries and old tires in China have been taken into account. In the second part of this paper, the current technical efforts to curb vehicular emissions are evaluated. The performances of unleaded petrol, domestic catalytic converters, and fuel injection systems have been assessed. Options of cleaner alternative fuels and “green” vehicles are discussed, with both the life-cycle impacts and economic feasibility emphasized. Policy and management aspects for effective pollution control are tackled. In particular, speculations about potential economic incentives and legislative measures for vehicular pollution control are presented.
This paper takes a comprehensive view at transportationrelated air pollution problems and solution options. While the transport infrastructure in major Chinese cities is briefed, the environmental impacts of transport activities on urban air quality are discussed in detail. Not only the contribution of automotive emissions to the CO, NMHC and NO\-x pollution in urban areas is reviewed, but also concerns over the carcinogenic emissions, lead deposition and noise are presented. From a lifecycle view point, the impacts of motorway construction, as well as those from scrapped cars, car batteries and old tires in China have been taken into account. In the second part of this paper, the current technical efforts to curb vehicular emissions are evaluated. The performances of unleaded petrol, domestic catalytic converters, and fuel injection systems have been assessed. Options of cleaner alternative fuels and “green” vehicles are discussed, with both the life-cycle impacts and economic feasibility emphasized. Policy and management aspects for effective pollution control are tackled. In particular, speculations about potential economic incentives and legislative measures for vehicular pollution control are presented.
