从科学的古今关系谈科学史的研究传统与模式对本学科思维方式的反思

A DISCUSSION ABOUT THE TRADITION AND PATTERN OF RESEARCH IN THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE BASED ON THE RELATION BETWEEN THE PAST AND THE PRESENT OF SCIENCE

如何认识和处理科学的古今关系是科学史研究的一个重要理论问题。本文从这一角度讨论了科学史的研究传统和模式，将目前科学史研究方式概括为“以今论古”、“以今验古”、“厚古薄今”和“古今结合”四种方式，论述了各种模式的内涵、价值和作用。

How to know and handle the relation between the past and the present of science is an important theoretical question in the studies of history of science. From this point of view, this paper discusses the tradition and pattern of the research in the history of science,summarizing the research pattern as the following four types:discuss the past from the present point of view; test the past by the present; stress the past instead of the present; and combine the past with the present, analizing the content, values, effect, advantages and disadvantages of the various types of the pattern. [