有机肥料氮替代部分无机氮对水稻产量的影响及替代率研究

Effects of partial mineral nitrogen substitution by organic fertilizer nitrogen on the yields of rice grains and its proper substitution rate

通过田间试验,研究了不同氮用量下有机肥料氮替代部分无机氮对水稻产量、氮肥利用率和土壤矿质态氮的影响,试图探索出有机肥料氮替代无机氮的最适替代率,并对有机肥与化肥配施的经济效益进行评价。结果表明:1)有机肥与化肥配施处理(8381～9810 kg/hm2)能获得与单施化肥处理(8381～10124 kg/hm2)更高或持平的产量;2)与单施化肥相比,氮用量在N240 kg/hm2内,有机肥料氮替代无机肥料氮的最适替代率为10%～20%(相当于施用1500～3000 kg/hm2商品有机肥),此时水稻产量、氮肥利用率和经济效益都达到最佳水平;3)与单施化肥相比,氮用量在N240 kg/hm2以内并且有机肥料氮占氮总量的10%～20%时可以获得较为平稳的氮素供应过程,改善了土壤供氮能力。上述结果可为研制有机无机复合肥提供理论基础。

Application of mixed mineral and organic fertilizers can ensure sustainable agriculture development. Field experiments were carried out to study the effect of partial mineral nitrogen （N） substitution by organic N on the yields of rice grains, N use efficiency and soil mineral N. The results obtained were listed as follows： 1 ） Application of mixed mineral and organic fertilizers resulted in a higher yield of rice （8381 -10124 kg/ha） compared to single application of mineral fertilizer （8381-9810 kg/ha） ; 2） Substitution of 10-20 percentage of inorganic N, corresponding an application of 1500-3000 kg/ha of common compost organic fertilizer, was recommended when the nitrogen application rate was lower than 240 kg/ha because the rice grain yield, N use efficiency and economic benefits were highest under such condition; 3） Compared with inorganic fertilizer treatment, application of mixed mineral and organic fertilizers maintained a steady supply of nitrogen, consequently improved the capability of soil nitrogen supply.