唐五代“屯田”与“营田”的关系辨析

A discriminative approach to the relation between "farms reclaimed for agriculture chiefly by garrisoned troops" and "plots of agricultural land run by the authorities" during the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties that followed

在唐五代，“屯田”和“营田”是封建土地制度中两项重要内容。对于它们之间的关系，史学界长期争议不决。本文以丰富翔实的史料，分阶段理清了两者的关系，认为在唐前期，“营田”泛指经营土地，“屯田”是一种特殊的官营土地制度。唐后期至五代，出现户部营田务管领的营田，乃是与屯田并行的另一种官田系统。文章还否定了唐后期屯田转化为营田的说法。

During the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties that followed, 'farms reclaimed for agriculture chiefly by garrisoned troops' and 'plots of agricultural land run by the authorities' were amongthe inportant measures adopted in feudal land system. For a long time, there has ben wide differencein opinion about their relationship among the historical cireles. This paper, with full and accurae data,arranges the relationship between the two in proper other stage by stage, and is of opinion tha during theearly Tang Dyansty, 'plots of agricultural land run by the authorities' referred to land management ingeneral whereas 'farms reclaimed for agriculare chiefly by garrisoned troops' referred to a special catalopof government-run bo system; from the late Tang Dynasty up to the Five Dynasties that followed, theMinistry of Revenue replaced the Department for Agricultural Field Affairs as the management office incharge of 'plots of agricultural land run by the authorities', thus turning the plots into another catalog ofgnernment-run land system parallel to 'farms reclained for agriculture chiefly by garrisoned troops'. Also, the paper negates the assertion that 'farms reclaimed for agriculture chiefly by garrisoned troops'were transformed into 'plots of agricultural land run by the authorities' during the late Tang Dynasty.