豫西地区红富士苹果叶片营养诊断

Foliar nutrition diagnosis of red Fuji apple in western Henan province

通过22个有代表性果园苹果叶片矿质营养分析,采用诊断施肥综合法(DRIS)对豫西红富士苹果进行了叶片营养诊断。结果表明,豫西红富士苹果叶片N、P、K、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn的适宜含量分别为:22.54±3.00 g/kg、2.42±0.28 g/kg、9.31±1.40 g/kg、104.47±15.03 mg/kg、33.89±5.77 mg/kg、3.38±0.39 mg/kg、29.71±4.91 mg/kg,N∶P∶K的适宜比例为1∶0.08～0.14∶0.31～0.55。DRIS诊断参数确定为N/P、K/N、K/P、Cu/N、P/Mn、Cu/P、P/Zn、K/Fe、K/Cu、Zn/N和K/Zn,这11种比例关系的变异程度均表现出低产园(变异系数范围为20.44%～40.82%)明显高于高产园(变异系数范围为8.69%～23.95%);高产园和低产园的营养不平衡指数(NII)分别为39和88。对Fe、Mn和Zn元素需求强度较大的果园分别占供试果园的86%、82%和50%。相对于高产园,低产园元素间关系较不平衡。总体而言,豫西红富士苹果园需求强度较大的元素是Fe、Mn或Zn,其次是N或P。

This study aimed to reveal the relationships between mineral nutrients in Fuji apple leaves to provide a scientific basis for balanced fertilization. Foliar samples were taken from 22 red Fuji apple orchards in western Henan province and foliar nutrition diagnosis was done using Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System （DRIS） method. The results showed that the optimum concentrations of N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn in leaf were 22.54 ± 3.00 g/kg, 2.42 ±0.28 g/kg, 9.31 ± 1.40 g/kg, 104.47 ± 15.03 mg/kg, 33.89 ± 5.77 mg/kg, 3.38 ± 0.39 mg/kg, and 29.71± 4.91 mg/kg, respectively. The optimum ratio of N ： P ： K was 1 ： 0.08 -0.14 ： 0.31 -0.55. The variation of parameters, viz. N/P, K/N, K/P, Cu/N, P/Mn, Cu/P, P/Zn, K/Fe, K/Cu, Zn/N, and K/Zn for DRIS were larger in the high yield orchards （ C.V. ranging from 20.44 % to 40.82 % ） compared to low yield orchards （C. V. ranging from 8.69 % to 23.95）. The Nutrient Imbalance Index （Nil） was 39 in the high yield orchards and 88 in the low yield orchard. The orchards with Fe, Mn, and Zn deficit accounted for 86%, 82%, and 50% of total studied orchards, respectively. The mineral nutrient unbalance were more serious in low yield orchards compared with higher yield orchards. The most deficient elements were Fe, Mn and Zn in the red Fuji apple orchards in western Henan province.