家电价格战博弈

STUDY ON THE PRICE WAR IN HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES BY GAME THEORY

利用博奕论来解释家电行业价格战内在机理,即只有达到纳什均衡,才形成稳定的竞争状况。需求价格弹性决定了降价是否能扩大市场份额.利用Cournot模型,可以得出这样的结论:厂商越多,价格越低。同样可以知道家电生产厂家很难就价格和产量达成有约束力的协议。因为这种约定并未达到纳什均衡。很多事实表明,谁先发动价格战,谁将获得较大的市场份额,同时,还能证明,家电行业价格战并不会导致恶性竞争。

The principle of price competition in household appliance is explained by Game theory, i. e. a steady state of competition can be realized by attaining Nash equilibrium. Demand price elasticity decides whether market will be enlarged with price going down or not. Using Cournot model, the conclusion can be drawn that the more the competing manufacturers are, the lower the price will be . In the same way, it is known that it is very difficult for those who produce household appliances to reach the restrained agreement on price or output, because such kind of agreement does not achieve Nash equilibrium. Many facts show that those who decreases price at first will obtain the bigger share of market. At the same time, it is proved that price war in household appliance industry will not lead to pernicious competition.