污染土壤环境中石油组分迁移特征研究

Characteristics of the migration of petroleum components in polluted soil environment

为防治污染，需深入研究土壤环境中石油烃各组分的分布、迁移、转化及其区域分异。在新疆轮台（轮南油田）、鄯善（土哈油田）野外调查以及实验室内分析所得到的结果表明：污染土壤中石油组分的特征受区域环境条件及石油本身性质制约。在剖面各层次质地近似的条件下，土层中石油烃浓度与其深度间关系可以负指数方程表征；芳烃占石油烃的百分率则随土层加深而增大；若干烷烃组分在表层有显著的向大气扩散、挥发的现象，从而影响到它们在土体中的分布形式。深入研究区域性石油组分的化学行为，可为评定污染危害，制定环境保护措施提供科学依据。

Along with the industrial development, the input of petroleum to the environment has been increasing. In order to control pollution, it is important to conduct research on the distribution, migration, transformation and regional difference of petroleum hydrocarbon components in soil environment. Results obtained from field study in Luntai ( Lunnan Oilfield ) and Shanshan ( Tu-Ha Oilfield ) in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region as well as from analytical work in the lab reveal that the migration of petroleum components in polluted soil is influenced by regional environmental conditions and petroleum properties. When the texture of different horizons is similar, the relation between the concentration of hydrocarbons and the depth of soil can be expressed by a negative exponential equation; the percentage of aromatic components increases with the increase of soil depth; diffusion and volatilization of several alkanes in surface soil are relatively strong and therefore effect the distribution pattern in soil profile. Study on regional characteristics of chemical behavior of petroleum components can provide scientific basis for the assessment of impacts of pollutants and the establishment of environmental protection countermeasures. 