四川玉米杂交种的发展及育种进展

Achievement and Progress of Maize Cross Breeding in Sichuan Province

我省３０年代开始玉米育种研究，５０年代在收集、整理地方品种基础上，选育并应用杂交种，６０年代后期转向单交种选育，从多生态类型区的实际出发，着力杂交种区域化选育布局，７０年代末至８０年代初发展较快，单产增加曾一度高于全国平均水平。“六五”启动育种攻关后，为改变种质遗传基础狭窄，在育种材料和方法上进行了研究，“七五”末开始取得较大进展，育成一批“三高”自交系，１９９１～１９９７年育成２５个杂交种，较１９９０年前育成的１１个杂交种有明显遗传增益。加速品种更新，材料创新并选育突破性杂种，将缩小差距，发掘潜力。

Maize breeding in Sichuan Province began in 1930'.On the base of collecting local maize germplasm resources,some hybrids were bred in 1950'.Up to late 1960',maize breeding turned to single cross breeding and began to select hybrids which were suitable for regional ecological environments.Maize breeding developed faster in late 1970'-early 1980',per ha.yield was once higher than the average level of whole country.After the initiation of the key program of maize breeding in the 6th five year plan,main attention was focused on the breeding materials and methodology,as well as to change the situation of narrow genetical background with the breeding materials,greater achievements were achieved in late 7th five year plan,and some inbreds with high yield,high resistance and high quality were selected.25 hybrids newly bred in 1991-1997 significantly had higher genetic gain than 11 hybrids bred before 1990.To accelerate the renewal of varieties and materials,and to breed breakthrough maize hybrids will play more important role in maize productivity.