棉花主基因多基因互作雄不育性的研究和利用

Researches and Utilization of Male Sterility Controlled by Major Gene × Poly genes Interaction in Cotton

利用陆地棉洞Ａ型核雄性不育系杂交后代中出现的散粉不育株培育出了棉花核不育完全保持系ＭＢ；揭示出由主基因和多基因系统共同控制的一种新型不育性及其完全保持的遗传机理；建立了一种以ＭＢ为桥梁、不育系二级繁殖为核心的制种、繁殖新体系———核不育“二级法”（ＭＭＳ法），这种方法综合了胞质不育（ＣＭＳ）“三系法”和核不育（ＧＭＳ）“两系法”的优点。利用ＭＭＳ法培育出的新型杂种具有较强的杂种优势，其中新杂种Ｈ５５已开始投放生产应用。对ＭＭＳ、ＣＭＳ、ＧＭＳ三种不育性的遗传属性及在制种和繁殖中的表现进行了比较。

A complete maintainer line MB for genetic male sterility (GMS) in cotton was developed from the sterile plants with partial pollen spreading anther in the progeny of Dong A-type GMS line crossed with No.5014 ( G.hirsutum ).A new male sterility MMS controlled by major genes and polygenic system was discovered and the mechanism of complete maintainer for GMS was revealed.The Two-step Method for utilizing GMS in hybrids (MMS method) was put forward.In the new technical system,MB plays the role of a bridge and two-step propagation of male-sterile lines is in the core position.The Two Step Method is characterized by combining the advantages of Three-line method for CMS and Two-line method for GMS.New F 1-hybrids made by the Two-step method and MMS displayed strong heterosis in lint yield etc. Of them,the hybrid H55 increasing yield significantly began being popularized in Sichuan and some other provinces in China.MMS was also compared with CMS and GMS in the genetic properties and performances in hybrid-seed production and parent increase.