四川盆地小麦高产育种若干问题的探讨

Discussion on Yield Potential Breeding of Wheat in the Sichuan Basin

本文回顾了四川小麦产量育种的历程，指出随着品种产量水平升高，新品种（或品种群体）更新换代过程变长，从小麦生产环境条件和种质资源开发利用潜力二个方面探讨了四川小麦育种的产量极限：根据当前四川小麦的总体产量水平和生产发展需要，将小麦高产育种的下一个总目标定位在全省单产稳定增长１０％，平均公顷产量达到４５００公斤左右，提出实现这一目标的育种策略是：争取但不苛求全面突破型品种，充分利用分片突破型品种，不放过点突破型品种，比较了产量因子性状育种、收获指数育种（尤其是进一步分析了总生物量构成因子的育种意义）二条技术路线的要点及应用效果，提出了基本稳定现有单穗重，适当增加单位面积穗数，循环改良产量因子性状，改良生物量、收获指数并重的高产育种方案。

This paper briefly reviewed the improving cause of yield potential of wheat in Sichuan Province and indicated that the alternation speed of wheat varieties with higher yield potential tended to slowing down.The two main aspects which limit the yield potential are environmental conditions.A gain of 10 per cent in average with yield up to 4500kg/ha might be the next goal in yield breeding,and the strategy is to strive for but not to exact the yield-gaining-everywhere type of varieties,to use fully the yield-gaining-somewhere ones and not to lose the yield-gaining-partially ones.Finally,The effect in yield improvement of yield components breeding and harvest index breeding is compared and a yield breeding scheme,i.e.,stabilizing present per ear weight,moderatly increasing unit area ear number,improving yield components alternatively or cyclically and icreasing both biomass and harvest index,is suggested.