胸腰椎纵向撞击伤机制及影响因素探讨

Mechanism of Thoracolumbar Injury Under Longitudinal Impact and Its Influence Factors

目的研究纵向撞击下胸腰椎的损伤阈值及其影响因素。方法将Ｔ１２～Ｌ２和Ｌ２～Ｌ５脊柱标本各分为３组，分别施以３个能量段的撞击。撞击前后分别拍Ｘ线片和ＣＴ扫描。结果撞击力峰值和撞击速度随撞击能量的增加而提高，力的作用时间减少，冲量值不变。撞击后标本的最大加速度、最大速度及位移均增大。Ｘ线及ＣＴ示在低能量撞击后个别标本骨折，中能量撞击全部骨折，高能量撞击产生爆裂性骨折。结论撞击能量、撞击速度、撞击力峰值及标本撞击后的加速度。

Aim To study the threshold value, mechanism and influence factors of thoracolumbar injury under longitudinal impact. Methods The specimens of T 12 ￣L 2 and L 2￣L 5 were divided into three groups and were impacted with three different energy levels separately. Roentgenograms and CT scanning were taken before and after the impact. Results With the impact energy increased, the maximum force and momentum almost did not change. The maximum accelerate, maximum velocity and displacement of the specimens all increased after the impact. Roentgenograms and CT scanning showed that most of the specimens were not injured after low energy impact and all specimens fractured after medium energy impact. Burst fracture happened after high energy impact. Conclusion The following indexes can be treated as threshold of thoracolumbar injury and injury degree: impact energy, impact velocity, maximum impact force, maximum accelerate, maximum velocity and displacement of specimens.