中国国家自然保护区及风景名胜区的地质灾害及其防治对策

The Geological Hazard and its Countermeasure in the National Parks of China

在中国自然保护区（１１１处）和国家重点风景名胜区（１１９处）引起地质灾害的主要原因有：过量开采地下水、季节性特大暴雨、河流上游不适当的修建水坝、泥石流、强地震、风化和人为破坏。本文讨论了这些地质灾害的类型。

Up to now,there are 111 national nature conservation reserves and 119 national parks in China,including Wudalianchi Volcanoes (Heilongjiang),Miocene Shanwang Fossil Site(Shandong),Wulingyuan (Hunan) Stone Forest(Yunnan),Jiuzhaigou and Huanglong(Sichuan) and so on The major geological hazards in those areas can be summarized as follows:1 The underground water level lowers remarkably year by year due to the overexploitation,which led to the dried up of lakes,the desertization of the calc sindter,etc 2 The river changed its course when the great seasonal rain occurred,and resulted in the rock collapse;3 The river run out off water in its middle lower course because of the inadequacy construction of dams on its upper reach;4 The hazards caused by mud debris which led to the heavy destruction on the landscape;5 The great earthquake which wonld cause the collapse of special landform;6 The mine exploitation or rock quarry in some cases destroyed the unique landscapes The countermeasures are:1 To promote the legal measures and stress the preservation steps for the preserved areas;2 To avoid destroying the special landscapes by the mine exploitation or rock quarry;3 To enhance the scientific education and publication on the preservsaion of natural resources;4 To make out the perfect preservation system,and coordinate the contradiction between the natural resources and the tourism;5 To take the international responsibility on the heritage conservation,as expressed in the “International declaration of the right of the memory of the earth”,6 To set up the permanent observation station on with special messenger on the protection area