宁南旱地提高糜子产量及水分利用效率的途径

Approches to Raise Yield and Water Use Efficency of Prosoin Semi-arid Loess Area in Southern Ningxia Province

通过系统的田间综合试验证实：宁南半干旱黄土区当前限制糜子生产潜力的主要因素是土壤营养供应不足。增施化肥是提高糜子产量和水分利用效率的主要技术途径。单纯施用化肥尚不能充分发挥糜子的生产潜力，必须与较多的（75000kg／hm2）有机肥配合施用方可。化肥在综合增产技术中的作用，占到65％以上。行间覆盖栽培的增产作用占到30％左右，尤其对水分利用效率有突出的作用，占综合技术的42．7％。覆盖栽培不仅可促进糜子早发、早熟、增产，还可以保留较多的土壤水分，减轻糜茬的干旱程度。深耕有明显的蓄水作用，可提高水分利用效率，在肥沃的耕地上可显著增产，在瘠薄耕地增产不明显。研究还表明，综合运用已有的技术措施，在多数年份可以实现或接近糜子的降水生产潜力值。

The systematical and comprehensive field researches show that the major factor limiting proso(Panicum miliaceum) potential productivity currently is the lack of soil nutrition.The application of chemical fertilizer is the main technical approach to raise yield and wateruse efficiency of proso, but application of chemical fertilizer alone does not bring the potential productivity of proso into full play. The effect is better when application of chemical ferlizer and mulching between rows in comprehensive technique is more than 65% and about30% respectively. The latter have signiqficant effect on raising water use efficency(42. 7 % ).Mulching culture is notonly improve early emergence, early mature and increase yield, butalso retain more soil moisture and alleviate the drought degree of proso. Deep tillage increasesoil moisture obviously, raise water use effciency markedly except on barren soil. Additional,the results indicate that the value of rainfall potential productivity of proso can be realizedthrough the application of existing comprehensive technical measures in averge year.