红壤烟区复种方式定位研究

A study on multiple cropping mode for tobacco in red soil area

在福建烟草主产区永定县进行９种复种模型定位研究。结果表明，为解决粮烟争地，稳粮增效矛盾，以春烟—稻—早秋玉米—菜和春烟—稻—再生稻模型较佳。早春烟的利润比春烟低二倍，改低产劣质的早春烟为春烟势在必行。研究还表明，通过复种轮作和水旱换茬，土壤有机质含量提高，达显著水平；全Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ也比对照略有提高，但不显著；速效Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ呈递减趋势，整体地力并不下降。土地及温光资源利用率高，复种指数达３００％～４００％，活动积温利用率达８２．５％～９７．７％，日照时数利用率达８０．９％～９７．６％，利用率越高，其产出多，产值和净效益也越高。

This study was conducted to form 9 models of multiple cropping rotation in Yongding county, a main tobacco producing area,for 9 models of multiple cropping.The result showed that “ spring tobacco rice early autumn corn vegetable”and“spring tobacco rice ratooning ricecrop changing”were optimized models to resolve land use contradiction between grain and tobacco production for grain stablization and profit increase.It is imperative to change early spring tobacco into spring tobacco because of the quality and the yield of early spring tobacco are lower than that of spring tobacco, and the profit of the former is two times less than that of the latter.The result also indicated that organic matter content in soil increased significantly after multiple cropping rotation and paddy upland rotation; total N、P、K also increased but not significantly; although rapidly-available N、P、K tended to decrease progressively, total soil fertility did not decreased.The utilization ratios of land, temperature and sunlight resources were high in our experiment and multiple cropping index amounted to 300%-400%, the utilization ratio of active accumulated temperature attained 82 5%-97 7% and the utilization ratio of sunlight reached 80 9%-97 6%.The higher natural resources utilization ratios were, the higher output, output value and net profit were.