甜、糯玉米适采期的确定及采后保鲜技术研究

Making Certain of Harvesting Optimum Period of Sweet Waxy Corn and Study On Keeping Freash Technique After Harvesting

通过对6个甜、糯玉米灌浆期子粒含水率、含糖量、呼吸强度、风味食味的测定,探讨鲜食甜、糯玉米的适采期和采后保鲜技术。结果表明:普甜、加强甜玉米适采期为授粉后24～27d,糯玉米为23～25d;收获后贮存期间甜玉米可溶性糖含量和贮存温度极显著相关,相关系数r=0.9804,和呼吸强度显著相关,相关系数r=0.942;贮存温度与呼吸强度极显著相关,相关系数r=0、9963;常温下呼吸强度最大,达到76.7CO_2mg/kg（鲜重）·h,是-30℃冷冻贮存的12倍;生产上可以通过控制贮存温度和时间达到降低呼吸强度和糖分分解速率,保证鲜玉米品质的目的。

Studies were conducted on harvesting optimum period and after harvesting keeping freash technique of sweet and waxy corn for freash eating, by measuring moisture content, sugar content, respiratory intensity and special flavour of seed of six sweet and waxy corn in the milk stage. The result is that: Harvesting optimum period for sweet corn and strengthening sweet corn is 24 - 27days after insemination, waxy corn 23 - 25 days. After harvesting there are sigificance of correlated coefficient on sugar content of sweet corn shelflife and temperature, r = 0. 9804** , and respiratory intensity r = 0. 942 * , Temperature and respiratory intensity = 0.9963 * * , The greatest respiratory capacity is on ambient temperture reached 76.7CO2mg/kg(fresh weight)h.It is 12 times of - 30℃ freezing storage. In production control temperature and time of shelf life could reduce respiratory intensity and decompositon speed of sugar content in order to keep sweet corn fresh.