Variation of drag coefficient with wind wave development

Turbulent air flows over developing wind waves in the air sea boundary layer are numerically simulated without considering wave breaking. Influences of wind waves on air flows are considered using a model of significant wave and surface roughness, with a formula proposed for calculating the surface roughness. k-ε model is adopted to simulate turbulent flows. The results of the drag coefficient and turbulence characteristics agree well with the observations.

Turbulent air flows over developing wind waves in the air-sea boundary layer are numerically simulated without considering wave breaking. Influences of wind waves on air flows are considered using a model of significant wave and surface roughness, with a formula proposed for calculating the surface roughness. κ-ε model is adopted to simulate turbulent flows. The results of the drag coefficient and turbulence characteristics agree well with the observations.