新疆野苹果的种下类型

TYPES BELOW SPECIES OF XINJIANG WILD APPLES

分布在新疆西部天山伊犁谷地的野果林由新疆野苹果(Malus sieversii)、野杏(Armeniaca Uulgaris)和野胡桃(Juglans regia)等组成。新疆野苹果是主要组成树种,集中分布于伊犁、塔城等地山谷中,它是荒漠地带山地中出现的“海洋性”阔叶林类型。新疆野苹果与栽培苹果在形态上及品质上极其相似,它是栽培苹果的直系祖先。由于长期的实生繁殖,它有许多变异类型。作者于1985—1989年参加了“伊犁野果林的综合研究”课题,对几种主要野生果树进行了定点观察和记载,对其植物学特征、生物学特性、生境及经济性状等作了重点调查,并作了种下分类。本文将新疆野苹果分为84个类型,以供研究及利用者参考。

The wild fruit-tree forest which is distributed in the Ili valley of the Tien-Shan Mountains in western Xinjiang, Consists of Xinjiang apple (Malus sieversii), wild apricot(Armeniaca Vulgaris)and wild walnut (Juglans regia)etc. Xinjiang wild apple is a main component tree species. It is distributed concentrically in the mountains valley of Ili, ta-cheng region etc. It is a broad-leaved forest type with 'Oceanic'climate, which ap-pears in the mountain region of desert zone.Xinjiang wild apple(Malus sieversii)is very similar to cultural apple species in shape and quality. It is the direct family ancestor of the cultural apples. Because of the long self propagation by seeds ,they have variant types. From 1985 to 1989 Writers joined in the project-《a synthetical study of xinjiang Ili Wild Fruit-tree forest》, writers have investigated several main wild fruit-trees of wild fruit-tree forest. During the investigation,we made a located Observation to the major several species of the wild fruit-trees. We made a focal investigation to botany characteristics .boilogical characteristics, distribution, ecology environment, habitat and economic character etc. and made a classification of subspecies.The article has introduced altogather 84 types of Xinjiang wild apple(Malus sieversii)