小儿颈外静脉穿刺部位的解剖学研究

An anatomical research of the veinpuncture drawn blood from the external jugular vein of the infant

为临床儿科静脉穿刺抽血提供解剖学依据,笔者在30例（60侧）甲醛固定的小儿尸体上解剖,观测了颈外静脉的深度、外径、长度及毗邻关系,并与大隐静脉、肘正中静脉进行了对比。结果双侧颈外静脉上段的平均深度为（3.61±0.46）mm,左侧外径为（3.34±0.78）mm,右侧外径为（3.86±0.64）mm,左侧长度为（35.67±3.30）mm,右侧长度为（41.62±4.19）mm。说明小儿浅静脉穿刺抽血应当首选颈外静脉上段,次选大隐静脉,肘正中静脉基本上不适用于穿刺。

The depths, diameters, lengths of the external jugular veins and their surrounding structures were measured and observed on 30 infant cadavers(60 sides) and were compared with those of the great saphenous veins and the median cubital veins. In the superior sections of the external jugular vein, the depth, on average , was (3.61±0.46)mm, the diameter of the left side was (3.34±0.78)mm and that of the right was (3.86±0.64)mm;the length of the left side was (35.67 ±3.30)mm and that of the right side was (41.62±4.19)mm. It is concluded that on infants, the position of the first choice for superficial veinpuncture is the superior sections of the external jugular vein, the second choice is the great saphenous veins. The median cubital vein is not fit on the whole.