对人类悲剧的多角度透视——论高尔基早期创作的审美倾向

A MULTI-ANGLED PERSPECTIVE OF THE HUMAN TRAGEDY

高尔基的文学创作可分三个阶段，１８９２年至１８９９年为早期，探索人性的本质和人生的道路为其主要倾向。围绕着个人与个人的悲剧冲突、个人与群体的悲剧冲突、个人与社会的悲剧冲突，高尔基对情感与理智的矛盾、人性与兽性的矛盾，主体与客体的矛盾给予深刻揭示，从而提出自由即“自己做自己的主人”、“还人以人的尊严”的思想，显示出充分的人道主义精神，这种精神贯穿他一生的创作，使他探索，使他痛苦。

Gorky's literary creation can be divided into three periods. 1892 - 1899 was the early period whose main tendency was the exploration of the essense of human nature and the line of life. Through tragic conflicts between individuals, between individual and group, between individual and society, Gorky profoundly revealed the contradictions between emotion and reason, between human nature and brutish nature, and between the subjective and the objective, thus putting forward the idea that freedom means `being one's own master' and that `Man must be given back his dignity'. This fully demonstrates his spirit of humanity which ran through his life-long creation and which made him explore, suffer and being great.