良心与名誉的哲学范畴

Philosophic Category of Conscience and Reputation

良心和名誉都是使人遵守道德的极其巨大的力量。名誉是人的外在名声,因而是使人遵守道德的外在力量;良心是人的内心信念,因而是使人遵守道德的内在力量。但是,良心使人遵守道德的力量是纯粹的、无负作用的,它只会使人遵守道德而不会使人背离道德。反之,名誉使人遵守道德的力量是不纯粹的、有负作用的,它使人遵守道德往往以使人陷于恶德——假仁假义和自我异化为代价。名誉的负作用几乎是不可避免的,因而只有依靠良心来消解:如果一个人遭受了不该得的谴责,如果他因为追求自由、创新、自我实现而遭受轻蔑,他的良心便应该自豪,从而化解这种错误评价的压力;如果他得到了不该得的荣誉,如果他因为屈己从众、追赶时髦而赢得赞誉,他的良心便应该惭愧,从而改弦易辄追求自由、创新和自我实现。

Conscience and reputation are rules constricting people to abide by morals. Reputation refers to the outer fame of a person, and therefore, it is the exterior force on people to abide by morals, while conscience is the inner belief of a person and it is the interior motivation on people to abide by morals. However, conscience forces people to abide by morals without side-effects and keeps people＇s behavior to morals. On the contrary, reputation is of side-effects and may lead people to evils, such as hypercritics and serf-alienation. The side-effects of reputation are unavoidable, and can only be cleared up by conscience. If one is condemned for nothing or is despised for his pursuit of freedom, innovation or self- realization, his conscience can mitigate the pressures from these unfair comments. However, if one is given undeserved honor or is praised for his mindlessness or pursuit of fashion, his conscience will be upset for shame, which will result in his change for good merits.