桃不同树形光合特性的研究

Photosynthetic characteristics of different peach tree shapes

【目的】研究不同树形对桃树光合特性的影响。【方法】以6年生桃品种‘甜桃王’为试材,于2007年6-10月份,对开心形和纺锤形2种树形桃树的相关光合特性指标进行了测定,分析了不同树形光合特性的差异。【结果】（1）开心形和纺锤形桃树叶片光合速率的年变化均呈单峰型曲线,且峰值均出现在9月;同一月内,开心形桃树与纺锤形桃树的光合速率无显著差异。（2）开心形和纺锤形桃树的光合速率和光合有效辐射日变化均呈双峰曲线,峰值均出现在11：00和15：00;13：00时开心形桃树的光合速率显著高于纺锤形,其他时间二者间无显著差异;同一时间内纺锤形桃树的光合有效辐射始终显著高于开心形。（3）开心形和纺锤形桃树不同叶幕层的光合速率和光合有效辐射日变化均呈双峰曲线,且在同一时间内,两种树形上层、中层叶幕的光合速率均显著高于下层叶幕。（4）开心形和纺锤形桃树的冠层温度差异不显著,纺锤形树形冠层内的相对湿度均显著高于开心形。【结论】建议在桃树栽培中采用纺锤形树形,其可以在不影响对光能合理利用的条件下提高栽植密度、增加产量和经济效益。

[Objective] The aim of the experiment was to study the effects of different peach tree shapes on photosynthetic characteristic. [Method] The materials of the experiment were 6-year-old ‘Tiantaowang’ peach,related indicators of photosynthetic characteristics of two tree shapes between open center and spindle were studied from June to October in 2007. [Result] （1） The results indicated that annual variation of photosynthesis rate of both open center and spindle shapes was unimodal curve pattern,the peak value appeared in September. Significant differences of photosynthetic rate between open center and spindle shapes peach did not exist within the same month. （2） Diurnal variation of photosynthesis rate and active photosynthetic radiation with both open center and spindle shapes was bimodal curve pattern,and the high point appeared at 11：00 and 15：00. At 13：00,the photosynthetic rate of open center shape peach was significantly higher than that of spindle peach,and at the other time there was no significant difference between them. （3） The diurnal variation of photosynthesis rate and active photosynthetic radiation of both different leaf locations of open center shapes and spindle shapes was bimodal curve pattern,and both open center and spindle shapes showed within the same time the upper, middle leaf screen photosynthetic rate was significantly higher than the bottom of the screen. （4） The canopy temperature between open center and spindle shapes peach did not show significant differences, and the canopy relative humidity of spindle shape were significantly higher than that of the open center shape. [Conclusion] Cultivation can be used in the spindle, which does not affect the rational use of energy under the condition of improved planting density, to increase production and enhance economic profits.