葡萄采后病原菌种类及发病规律研究

A Preliminary Study on the Pathogens and Disease Conditions of Postharvest Berry Rot of Main Grape Cultivars in Xinjiang

对新疆主要葡萄产区，主栽葡萄品种进行采后病原菌调查表明：引起葡萄采后贮运与销售过程中腐烂的病原菌为真菌，包括（１）根霉（Ｒｈｉｚｏｐｕｓ ｓｔｏｌｏｎｉｆｅｒ）（２）黑曲霉（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓｎｉｇｅｒ）（３）青霉（Ｐｅｎｉｃｉｌｌｉｕｍ ｓｐｐ）（４）灰霉（Ｂｏｔｒｙｔｉｓ ｃｉｎｅｒｅａ）（５）交链孢霉（Ａｌｔｅｒｎａｒｉａ ｓｐｐ）（６）芽枝霉（Ｃｌａｄ ｏｓｐｏｒｕｍ ｓｐ）（７）匐柄霉（Ｓｔｅｍｐｈｙｌｉｎｍ ｓｐ）（８）葡萄球座菌（Ｇｕｉｇｎａｒｄｉａ ｂｉｄｗｅｌｌｉｉ）（９）粉红聚端孢（Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｔｈｅｃｕｅｍ ｒｏｓｅｕｍ ）９个属的真菌。其中前７种为葡萄常见致腐病菌。根霉和黑曲霉多在葡萄常温运输和销售中致病，病程仅为１～２ｄ；青霉、灰霉、交链孢霉、芽枝霉和匐柄霉多在葡萄冷藏运输和低温贮藏中致腐。本试验还对新疆葡萄主产区吐鲁番、哈密、喀什等地的无核白、术纳格、喀什哈尔等葡萄品种分别进行了病原菌种类和发病规律研究，为从根本上解决新疆葡萄贮运保鲜难题提供了重要依据。

The investigation showed that the CaSual agents of postharvest berry rot during transportation, storage and marketing of main grape cultivars in the major planting areas in Xinjiang wereRh izpus stolonifer, A operg illus niger, Penicillium spp, Botrytiscinerea, Alternaria spp, Cladosporium sp, Stemphylium sp, Guig nard ia bid welii, Trichothecium roseum. Among them, the former seven ones are common R. stolorijer and A. niger ususlly caused putrefaction during the normal temperature transportation and marketing, and lasted only 1～2 days. Penicillium spp, B. cinerea, Allernaria spp, Cladesporium sp. and Stemlphylium sp ususlly caused putrefaction during the low temperature (0～2C ) transportation and storage.Furthermore, the species and disease conditions of postharvest pathogenic fungi of the grape cultivars such as' Wuhebai' and 'Kashiger' and 'Kashiger' etc., which growed in the major grape planting areas of Xinjiang (including Turpan, Hami and Kashi, etc. )respectively were carried out. This experdriment provided an important clue to keep grapes fresh in Xinjiang.