超大型矿床的探寻与研究的若干进展

KECENT PROGRESSES ON THE STUDIES AND SEARCHES FOR SUPERLARGE MINERAL DEPOSITS

本文主要讨论最近两年国内外探寻与研究超大型矿床所取得的若干进展。内容涉及：超大型矿床与类似名词定义、典型剖析、超大型矿床分类、矿化类型、全球背景研究等问题。在简要介绍国内外超大型矿床研究现状后，文中提出，结合我国矿产地质实际，宜以１９８７年国家储量委员会规定之大型矿床５倍储量为超大型矿床下限。超大型矿床可暂分三类：第一类之同类型大、中、小型矿分布甚广；第二类则反之，同类型矿床极罕见；第三类为过渡类型。笔者指出，不少有色金属在超大型矿床的矿化类型上有强烈选择性，即某一矿种虽可存在多种矿化类型，但一般仅一、二种类型可形成超大型矿床。提出这一点对寻找超大型矿床十分重要。文中举出若干实例，论证对某些超大型矿床进行全球背景研究之必要及超大型矿床研究可提高成矿理论水平。

Some recent progresses pertaining to the studies of superlarge mineral depositsare reviewed.The definition,classification,typical examples,tpyes of mineralization andglobal background of superlarge deposits are discussed. There are disputes on the definition of superlarge deposits and similar terms(worldclass,giant,etc.).The term“superlarge”should have priority over other similar terms,since it was first adopted at an international symposium of IUGG(1987).Based onChina,s reality,it is proposed by the All China Ore Reserve Committee(1987)that thelower limit of the ore(or metal, mineral)reserve of a superlarge deposit should be 5 timesthat of a large-sized deposit. Three groups of superlarge deposits can be recognized.Thefirst group includes those with followers of large-,medium-to small-sized deposits of thesame kind. The second group of superlarge deposits has hardly any followers while thethird group comprises superlarge deposits with transitional characters. It should be point-ed out that for many nonferrous metals there are several types of mineralization with in-dustrial significance,but superlarge deposits are generally confined to one or two types ofmineralization. This is an important empirical rule in searching for superlarge deposits.Examples are cited to show the importance of global background studies for superlarge de-posits.