登州与唐代的海上交通

不少论著将交州、广州、明州(一说泉州)、扬州列为唐代四大海港.诚然,这几个港口都是唐代著名的出海港,但是,在唐人贾耽所记述的当时中国通往"四夷"仅有的两条海路中,一条为"广州通海夷道"、另一条则为"登州海行入高丽、渤海道",①可见,登州在唐代海交史中亦占有十分重要的地位,只是由于资料匮乏等方面的原因,从而使人们对它的研究未能深入开展.本文拟通过以下三个问题,对登州在唐代海交史中的地位进行一些考察,不妥之处,敬请批评指正.在进入正文之前,有必要对以下两点作一些说明:第一,登州最初设置于武德(618-626年)初年,贞观元年(627年)省废,地入莱州,直到武则天如意元年(692年)才又恢复,所以在贞观元年至如意元年以前的六十五年期间,史籍上所记载的"莱州,应包括登州在内.第二,登州的州治最初设在文登县(今山东文登),如意元年迁至牟平县(今山东牟平),中宗神龙三年(707年)又迁至蓬莱县(今山东蓬莱),领有蓬莱、文登、牟平、黄(今山东龙口)四县.因此,这里所讲的登州,除登州州治外,还包括其所属各县.

In this paper, the international trade lines from Deng Zhou in the Tang Dynasty are discussed. It includes: The first, the major lines by water and prots. It argued that the most important international trade line in Deng Zhou were those that from Deng Zhou to Korea. Bo Hai, and Japan by sea. Another two main marine pathes were the southern line, which from Deng Zhou to Chu Zhou, Yang Zhou, Hang Zhou, Ming Zhou and ect. and the northern line, which to the Du Li town situated in peninsular Liao Dong. The major ports, except the Peng Lai Port, were the county Huang, the city of Gu Da Ren. Cheng Shan of the county Wen Deng and Chi Shan Pu. The second, the activities by sea. It includes: 1. the political intercourse between Tang Dynasty and the three countries of Korea Peninsular, the country Bo Hai and Japan. 2. The aggressions against the peninsular Korea. 3. The marine transportation and international and domestic trade in the Tang Dynasty. The third, the action of Deng Zhou in the history of marine traffic in the Tang Dynasty. During the period of the first several decades of the Tang Dynasty. Deng Zhou. Guang Zhou and Jiao Zhou were the main centres of marine traffic in China, in the mid-Tang and afterward. The role of Deng Zhou became less important, but was the major line in the political intercourse. The reasons for the decline were: the first, the geographic situation was unfavourable for the international transportation.The second, the Rebelion An—Shi led to the decline of economy in the north of China and therefore destroyed the economic fundation on which the prot Deng Zhou prospered.